Asian Hornet vs. European Hornet: Identifying the species accurately

Key points at a glance

• The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is a native, strictly protected species and a valuable ecological ally in the garden.
• The Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) is an invasive species; sightings must be reported to the appropriate authorities.
• The primary distinguishing features are body colour, legs, and body size.
• Controlling or disturbing hornet nests is legally prohibited and ecologically counterproductive.

Why the distinction matters for your garden

In July, the activity levels of our native hornets are at their peak. As apex predators (animals that hunt other insects but have few natural predators themselves), they regulate populations of flies, horseflies, and other insects. The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is a peaceful garden resident, provided you respect their personal space of about two to three metres.

The spread of the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax), however, presents us with new challenges. As a non-native species (an animal that has become established in a new area), it can influence the local ecological balance through high predatory pressure on honey bees and wild bees. Accurate identification is therefore essential to ensure the protection of native species while helping to keep the spread of non-native species manageable through reports to the authorities.

Features in direct comparison

To avoid false reports, precise observation is necessary. The following table summarises the significant morphological differences.

What to do if you spot one

1. Stay calm: Hornets are not aggressive animals. They only defend themselves if their nesting area is directly threatened.
2. Observe from a distance: Keep your distance and use binoculars or the zoom function on your camera to capture the details needed for identification (especially the legs).
3. Photo documentation: Take the sharpest photo possible. Ensure the thorax and legs are clearly visible, as these features allow for the most reliable identification.
4. Report the sighting: If you have identified an Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax), contact your local nature conservation authority. Reports should ideally be submitted via the official regional portals.
5. No interference: Never attempt to remove a nest yourself or kill the animals. Vespa crabro in particular is under special legal protection. Even with Vespa velutina nigrithorax, the decision on how to proceed rests solely with the specialist authorities.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Asian hornet more dangerous to humans?

No, it is no more aggressive than other wasp species. Dangers only arise from thoughtlessly approaching the nest, which they will actively defend if disturbed.

Can I remove a hornet nest myself?

No. Hornets are native wild animals and are protected by law. Any nest removal requires an exemption permit from the nature conservation authority.