Primula vulgaris
Primula vulgaris
FamilyGenus: Primelnnative in Germany
🌿
86
Species
interact
🔗
123
Interactions
documented
🐛
16
Host relationships
Species
About this species
A native herbaceous plant with pale yellow flowers appearing early in the year, offering pollen and nectar to emerging insects. It grows best in partial shade and reaches about 10 centimetres tall.
Ecological network
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PollinationLarval hostFlower visit
Ecological significance
The early blooms provide a moderate source of nectar and pollen for insects active in late winter and early spring.
Annual cycle
Flowers from February to April.
Standort & Merkmale
Light
Halbschatten
Moisture
—
Soil
—
Flowering period
Feb – Apr
Bioregion
Continental
Nectar value
2
Pollen value
2
Growth form
Krautige Pflanze
Woodiness
Nicht verholzt
Leaf type
Breitblättrig
Plant height
0.097 m
Morphological traits: TRY ID3 (CC BY 3.0) & TRY ID81 (CC BY)
Pflege & Anbau
Prefers partial shade.
Scientific profile
Primula vulgaris is a low-growing, non-woody herbaceous plant growing to around 10 centimetres in height. Its broad leaves form a basal rosette. Pale yellow flowers appear from February through April, providing a moderate source of nectar and pollen. The species is native in Great Britain. It forms arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and its seeds weigh approximately 1.38 mg.
Pollinators & visitors
41 Arten interagieren mit dieser Pflanze
Hamearis lucinaManiola jurtinaPieris brassicaePolygonia c-albumLycaena phlaeasPararge aegeriaCallophrys rubiGonepteryx rhamniAndrena bicolorAndrena nigroaeneaPieris rapaeAglais urticaeVanessa atalantaAglais ioBombus terrestrisTachyporus hypnorumAnthocharis cardaminesAndrena subopacaAthalia rosaeBombus pascuorumSphecodes gibbusTenthredo mesomelaApis melliferaBombus lapidariusOedemera nobilisAndrena clarkellaBombus sylvestrisAnthophora plumipesmacroglossum stellatarumOsmia bicornisClossiana euphrosyneBombus pratorumPieris napiBombus jonellusAndrena haemorrhoaOsmia cornutaNomada lathburianaBombus hortorumEuphydryas auriniaBombylius majorRhingia campestris
Host relationships
16 species use this plant as a host
Xanthorhoe montanataHoplodrina octogenariaDiarsia mendicaStandfussiana lucernea cataleucaNoctua fimbriataNoctua jantheXestia ditrapezium (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775Eugnorisma depunctaXestia bajaHoplodrina ambiguaIdaea aversataEurois occultaAnaplectoides prasinaXestia triangulumPolia nebulosaNoctua interjecta
Other flower visitors
29 other species visit the flowers
Brassicogethes aeneusApodemus sylvaticusMyodes glareolusCoccinella septempunctataPsyllobora vigintiduopunctataAdrastus pallensBarynotus obscurusBombylius discolorEpuraea longulaEusphalerum primulaeForficula auriculariaMeligethes aeneusMeligethes difficilisMeligethes exilisMeligethes fulvipesMeligethes kunzeiMeligethes obscurusMeligethes solidusMeligethes umbrosusMeligethes viridescensOtiorhynchus ligneusTachyporus chrysomelinusAlliopsis billbergiHelina evectaSymmorphus gracilisLucilia caesarMeligethes nigrescensMuscina levidaDrymus brunneus
Sources & data origin
•Cook et al. (2025) UK Butterfly & Moth Traits (DOI: 10.5285/dbc7cc17-cbbd-49dd-bab4-8e8855768d66)
•Interaktionsdaten via GloBI (CC-BY 4.0)
•Middleton-Welling_2020
•pollinator_interactions
•FloraWeb / BfN
•EIVE 1.0 — Dengler et al. (2023), DOI: 10.3897/VCS.98324 (CC BY 4.0)
•EuPPollNet — Kuppler et al. (2025), DOI: 10.1111/geb.70000 (CC BY 4.0)
•Database of Pollinator Interactions (DoPI) — Pocock et al. (2022), DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3801 (CC BY)
•GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — GBIF Secretariat (2024), DOI: 10.15468/39omei (CC BY 4.0)
•TRY Categorical Traits (ID3) — Kattge et al. (2012), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.3 (CC BY 3.0)
•TRY Global Spectrum (ID81) — Díaz et al. (2016/2021), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.81 (CC BY)
•Govaerts R et al. (2025) — World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) v14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. DOI: 10.34885/xs7h-ze42 (CC BY 4.0)
•Foto: © Adobe Stock / AdobeStock_335020518
All data is licensed under CC BY 4.0, CC0, or compatible terms. Attribution according to license conditions. Full source overview →