Image to followAI-generated illustrationXanthium strumarium
Xanthium strumarium
FamilyGenus: Xanthiumnative in Germany
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5
Species
interact
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6
Interactions
documented
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1
Host relationships
Species
About this species
An introduced, established herbaceous plant in Great Britain, originating from the Americas. It grows to around 1.3 m tall, bears broad leaves, and flowers from July to October in full sun on moderately moist, nutrient-rich, calcareous soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations occur.
Ecological network
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PollinationLarval hostFlower visit
Ecological significance
Information on its ecological impact in Great Britain is limited.
Annual cycle
Flowers from July to October.
Standort & Merkmale
Light
Sonne
Moisture
Frisch (Mäßig feucht)
Soil
Starkzehrer (Nährstoffreicher/Fetter Boden)
Flowering period
Jul – Okt
Soil reaction
Basisch / Kalkhold
Bioregion
Continental
Growth form
Krautige Pflanze
Woodiness
Nicht verholzt
Leaf type
Breitblättrig
Plant height
1.274 m
Morphological traits: TRY ID3 (CC BY 3.0) & TRY ID81 (CC BY)
Pflege & Anbau
Plant in full sun in moderately moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Tolerates slightly alkaline conditions and low salinity. Benefits from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Scientific profile
Xanthium strumarium is a terrestrial, non-woody, broad-leaved herbaceous plant that typically reaches a height of about 1.3 metres. Originating from the Americas, it is introduced and established in Great Britain. It favours full sun and moderately moist, calcareous to alkaline, nutrient-rich soils and shows a preference for sites with low disturbance. Mycorrhizal associations are of the arbuscular type. Flowering occurs from July through October.
Other flower visitors
2 other species visit the flowers
Sturnus vulgarisSciurus carolinensis
Sources & data origin
•Interaktionsdaten via GloBI (CC-BY 4.0)
•FloraWeb / BfN
•EIVE 1.0 — Dengler et al. (2023), DOI: 10.3897/VCS.98324 (CC BY 4.0)
•GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — GBIF Secretariat (2024), DOI: 10.15468/39omei (CC BY 4.0)
•TRY Categorical Traits (ID3) — Kattge et al. (2012), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.3 (CC BY 3.0)
•TRY Global Spectrum (ID81) — Díaz et al. (2016/2021), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.81 (CC BY)
•Checklist Alien Plants Belgium — Verloove F (2023), Botanic Garden Meise (CC BY 4.0)
•Govaerts R et al. (2025) — World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) v14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. DOI: 10.34885/xs7h-ze42 (CC BY 4.0)
All data is licensed under CC BY 4.0, CC0, or compatible terms. Attribution according to license conditions. Full source overview →