Picea abies
Picea abies
FamilyGenus: Piceanative in Germany
🌿
80
Species
interact
🔗
102
Interactions
documented
🐛
26
Host relationships
Species
About this species
Picea abies is an introduced evergreen conifer in Great Britain, valued for its tall stature and needle-like foliage. It produces pollen in spring and forms ectomycorrhizal associations with fungi.
Ecological network
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PollinationLarval hostFlower visit
Ecological significance
In Great Britain, Picea abies is an introduced established tree, not classified as invasive under current evidence. Its ecological role within British habitats is context-dependent.
Annual cycle
An evergreen tree; pollen production occurs from April to June.
Safety note
No documented safety hazards are associated with this species.
Standort & Merkmale
Light
Schatten
Moisture
Frisch (Mäßig feucht)
Soil
Mittelzehrer (Normaler Boden)
Flowering period
Apr – Jun
Soil reaction
Mäßig sauer bis neutral
Bioregion
Continental
Growth form
Baum
Woodiness
Verholzt
Leaf type
Nadelblättrig
Leaf phenology
Immergrün
Plant height
40.688 m
Morphological traits: TRY ID3 (CC BY 3.0) & TRY ID81 (CC BY)
Pflege & Anbau
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Light: Shade to half-shade.
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Moisture: Fresh, moderately moist soil.
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Soil: Normal (mesotrophic), neutral to weakly acid.
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Disturbance: Low disturbance tolerance.
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Mycorrhiza: Ectomycorrhizal; benefits from presence of compatible fungi.
Scientific profile
Picea abies is a large evergreen tree belonging to the family Pinaceae, typically reaching heights around 40 metres. The needle-shaped leaves average 31.72 mm² in area, and the seeds (diaspores) weigh approximately 6.44 mg. The species forms ectomycorrhizal associations. In Great Britain it is an introduced and established tree, not native. Pollen production occurs between April and June. The tree tolerates shade to half-shade, prefers fresh to moderately moist soils of normal fertility, and grows on neutral to weakly acid substrates. It shows a low tolerance of disturbance and is adapted to cool climates.
Pollinators & visitors
10 Arten interagieren mit dieser Pflanze
Stenomax aeneusPieris napiHomo sapiensSus scrofaPrionus coriariusRhyssa persuasoriaTurdus iliacusSitta europaeaCorvus coraxDryocopus martius
Host relationships
26 species use this plant as a host
Sphinx pinastriThera obeliscataEupithecia abietariaEupithecia lariciataMacaria signariaMacaria liturataBupalus piniariaLymantria monachaUleiota planatusEupithecia tantillariaArctia cajaPeribatodes secundaria (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775Thera britannicaHylaea fasciariaPeribatodes rhomboidariaOrgyia antiquaLymantria disparDendrolimus piniOdontopera bidentataOperophtera brumataHarmonia axyridisThanasimus formicariusAgrotis ipsilonThera variata (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775Dioryctria abietellaColydium elongatum
Other flower visitors
44 other species visit the flowers
Capreolus capreolusCervus elaphusHylastes aterCallidium violaceumAnogcodes rufiventrisMolorchus minorArhopalus rusticusChrysanthia geniculataStictoleptura rubraTrypodendron lineatumHylastes cuniculariusPityogenes chalcographusMonochamus sutorHylurgops palliatusSchizotus pectinicornisPachyta quadrimaculataMuscardinus avellanariusRilaena triangularisAphidecta obliterataHarmonia quadripunctataIps typographusAdalia decempunctataDendrocopos majorDryocoetes autographusCarabus intricatusRhagium inquisitorSciurus vulgarisCarabus violaceusCrypturgus cinereusLoxia curvirostraAnthaxia quadripunctataGrammoptera ruficornisPolygraphus poligraphusSpondylis buprestoidesAnastrangalia sanguinolentaAlosterna tabacicolorHylobius abietisTetropium castaneumCrypturgus pusillusHylis carinicepsParacorymbia maculicornisAmpedus sanguineusRhagium bifasciatumSalpingus ruficollis
Sources & data origin
•Interaktionsdaten via GloBI (CC-BY 4.0)
•Cook et al. (2025) UK Butterfly & Moth Traits (DOI: 10.5285/dbc7cc17-cbbd-49dd-bab4-8e8855768d66)
•pollinator_interactions
•FloraWeb / BfN
•EIVE 1.0 — Dengler et al. (2023), DOI: 10.3897/VCS.98324 (CC BY 4.0)
•GBIF Backbone Taxonomy — GBIF Secretariat (2024), DOI: 10.15468/39omei (CC BY 4.0)
•TRY Categorical Traits (ID3) — Kattge et al. (2012), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.3 (CC BY 3.0)
•TRY Global Spectrum (ID81) — Díaz et al. (2016/2021), DOI: 10.17871/TRY.81 (CC BY)
•Checklist Alien Plants Belgium — Verloove F (2023), Botanic Garden Meise (CC BY 4.0)
•Govaerts R et al. (2025) — World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) v14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. DOI: 10.34885/xs7h-ze42 (CC BY 4.0)
•Foto: © Adobe Stock / AdobeStock_169462878
All data is licensed under CC BY 4.0, CC0, or compatible terms. Attribution according to license conditions. Full source overview →